Exergy Based Efficiency Assessment for Fans in Comparison to Common Used Efficiency Definitions

The efficiency definition allows the comparison of two machines with each other. In general, the efficiency is defined as the ratio of usable power to the required power. This raises the question: what is the usable power? Most engineers discuss efficiency on grounds of the energy balance, i.e. the first law of thermodynamics. In this paper, we derive the exegetic efficiency taking the second law of thermodynamics into account, too. On this basis, a comparison between isentropic and exergetic efficiency is given. A high-pressure radial fan is used as an example and the differences are discussed. Therefore, measurements at a non-adiabatic fan is evaluated and the role of the heat flux to the environment is discussed. For a standard such as ISO 5801 "Fans - Performance testing using standardized airways", efficiency must not only be physically correct. It must also be simple and practical. Against this background, the outlook of this paper discusses when and which efficiency definition is appropriate and best suited for a standard.